In Italy, constitutional importance is given to the search for work in accordance with Article 4: “The Republic recognizes all citizens the right to work and promotes the conditions that make this right effective. Every citizen has the duty to carry out, according to his own possibilities and his own choice, an activity or a function that contributes to the material or spiritual progress of society.”
All sectors are accessible to European citizens, subject to the possession of the requirements to carry out a specific professional activity.
Those who want to go to Italy to carry out a research activity must know that the research system is made up of universities, public and private research bodies, while the state, through Miur (Ministry of Education, University and Research) promotes and supervises the Italian scientific and technological research activity. Therefore, researchers have first to get in touch with research institutions to find out any vacancies available:
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Murst – Valutazioni Comparative (miur.it)
To find job opportunities in sectors other than research, there is a two-tier system: public and private.
In order to facilitate the matching of labour supply and demand, a number of entities have been identified which are qualified to carry out active labour policy services in order to ensure certain principles such as transparency, equal access and free services for workers
The Employment Centre is the institutional body – under the Ministry of Labour – responsible for placing inactive (unemployed and unemployed) citizens at work. The Employment Centres operate on a provincial basis, networking with other services in the area (Municipalities, Guidance Centres, Training Centres, Schools, Universities) to plan active work policies. They are involved in planning specific project activities for the weakest categories of the labour market (young people, unemployed, women, immigrants, people with disabilities, etc.) in order to ensure equal opportunities
In Italy there are different types of employment agencies authorized by the ANPAL (National Agency for Active Employment Policies) to offer services related to labour demand and supply (the regulation is regulated by Legislative Decree of 10 September 2003, n. 276):
- “generalist” agencies of administration;
- “specialist” agencies of administration;
- brokerage agencies. They offer activities of mediation between job demand and supply: collection of curricula, pre-selection, promotion of training;
- research agencies and staff selection. They carry out consultancy activities aimed at identifying suitable applications to hold job positions on specific assignment of the client;
- professional relocation support agencies.
The person wishing to enter the labour market is obliged to issue the DID (declaration of immediate availability to work)which makes us available to work and to take part in initiatives for the active search for work. The DID can be completed directly online, at a Employment Centre or at a Patronage Institution.
